半球谐振陀螺零偏温度漂移的自补偿

摘要： 针对半球谐振陀螺零偏受温度影响容易发生漂移的问题,提出一种基于陀螺自身谐振频率的自补偿方法.通过分析陀螺谐振频率与温度的关系特性说明陀螺谐振频率用作温度信息进行补偿的可行性,建立陀螺零偏的温度补偿模型及方案,采集陀螺驱动回路的谐振频率对零偏进行实时补偿.此方案中,陀螺谐振频率检测的分辨率为0.03 Hz,对应的温度分辨率为0.075 ℃,在-10 ℃～60 ℃温度范围内,陀螺的零偏漂移由补偿前的30（°）/h降低到2.8（°）/h.实验结果证明该方案的有效性.     

PIC检测器解析表达式的偏差修正

由于传统PIC(Parallel Interference Canceller,并行干扰消除)检测器性能分析公式存在偏差,导致与仿真结果有一定的差异,不能准确反映系统性能。在对传统PIC检测器性能表达式和推导过程存在的偏差进行分析的基础上,通过公式推导,得到更为精确的PIC检测器任一级的误码率性能解析表达式。通过数值计算,偏差修正后的解析表达式对误码率估计的准确度比修正前提高了1个数量级,与仿真结果更为接近,并且干扰消除的级数越多效果越好。研究结果表明,修正后的PIC解析表达式是有效的。     

一种新型的五自由度磁悬浮电机

介绍了一种新型的五自由度磁悬浮电机系统，它由两自由度无轴承电机和三自由度磁轴承两个独立悬浮单元构成。其中无轴承电机将悬浮绕组与转矩绕组叠绕在一起，同时实现转矩驱动和转子两自由度径向悬浮；三自由度磁轴承利用单极永磁偏置磁场实现转子轴向悬浮以及两自由度径向悬浮。该电机结构紧凑，有利于向大功率、高转速方向发展。文中介绍了悬浮力产生的基本原理，简要推导了系统数学模型，给出了控制系统框图。最后对实验样机转子在五个自由度上的悬浮情况以及绕组电流变化进行了测量和分析。实验结果验证了所述原理和控制方案的正确性。     

基于地心坐标系的多传感器动态偏差估计算法

配准是多传感器系统进行数据融合必不可少的处理过程.使用一种新的基于地心地固(ECEF, Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed)坐标系的多传感器配准算法,能对传感器的动态偏差进行估计,同时充分考虑了地球曲率对配准算法本身的影响.首先利用多传感器的局部航迹数据来构造关于传感器偏差的伪测量模型,其噪声满足零均值高斯白噪声特性,协方差信息也易于计算,然后使用序贯卡尔曼滤波算法(SKF, Sequential Kalman Filter)对偏差进行动态估计.当传感器偏差恒定时,算法经过简单修改后依然适用.最后通过仿真试验对新算法的性能进行了评估,结果说明新算法能有效地进行传感器配准.      

光源光谱对干涉式光纤陀螺零漂的影响

以采用Y波导集成光学调制器的保偏型干涉式光纤陀螺(IFOG,Interference Fiber Optic Gyroscopes)为研究对象,根据各光学元器件的参数,建立了各器件的琼斯矩阵以及光路传输模型,在此基础上进行了光路偏振误差的理论分析.通过推导,得到了保偏型干涉式光纤陀螺的偏振误差表达式.首次借助光源偏振度的改变,分析了不同形状的光源光谱对偏振模式耦合误差引起的陀螺零漂的影响.通过计算得出,当光源的偏振度在0~3%之间呈线性变化以及光路中其它参数不变时,谱宽较窄的光谱引起的零漂较大,谱宽较宽的光谱引起的零漂较小.仿真结果给光纤陀螺光源光谱的选择提供了理论依据.      

激光陀螺机械抖动偏频对等效转动矢量姿态计算的影响

研究了激光陀螺机械抖动偏频影响等效转动矢量姿态计算精度的机理。用双子样N次迭代算法推导了载体实际姿态角运动与机械抖动发生谐振时产生的姿态计算误差项,指出其误差作用机理与惯性导航比力方程计算中划摇误差的相似性。针对三轴激光陀螺共一个机械抖动轴和3个单轴激光陀螺构成惯性组合两种情况进行了讨论。根据对静态条件下惯性组合中激光陀螺采样信号的功率谱密度分析,指出当采样频率较低时,会产生与抖动有关的低频周期分量,与低频的载体姿态运动谐振将产生姿态计算误差,应尽量提高采样频率及等效转动矢量计算频率。     

利用能量/动量飞轮的偏置动量姿态控制系统

研究偏置动量姿态控制系统中的集成能量与姿态控制问题。利用一对正 反转飞轮提供偏置角动量并同时储 /放能以满足星载设备的能源需求。滚动 /偏航运动由俯仰轴磁矩控制。设计了力矩形式的飞轮的控制律 ,使之提供期望的俯仰控制力矩 ,并以给定的功率储 /放能。保持两只飞轮正 反转可以完全避免飞轮控制律中的系统奇异。提出了利用动能反馈的飞轮储能功率规划方案 ,以使系统维持能量平衡 ,避免由于能量过剩引起的飞轮饱和。飞轮的最小转动惯量受最大偏置角动量和最小能量的限制 ,结合几何方法对这种限制条件进行了分析。数值仿真结果证明了控制方案的有效性。     

BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定实现及精度评估

精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定(AR)能够显著提升精密定位的收敛速度和精度。通过在BDS-2和BDS-3之间添加系统间偏差的方法实现BDS-3的模糊度固定,并基于全球MGEX测站静态、仿动态数据和车载实验数据全面评估了BDS-3模糊度固定的效果。结果表明,相对于浮点解,BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定能够显著提升PPP的精度,在东北天3个方向上静态解算精度提升依次为37.4%、26.2%和20.1%;仿动态解算精度提升依次为38.3%、27.2%和11.1%;车载动态实验BDS-3模糊度固定精度在三维方向上综合提升为40.4%。此外,模糊度固定后,以浮点解稳定后的两倍定位精度为基准,在东北天方向上,静态定位时间提升程度依次为63.5%、64.0%和40.3%;仿动态定位时间提升程度依次为58.7%、56.8%和25.4%;车载实验在三维方向的收敛时间为30.0 min。以上结果证明了所提方法的有效性及BDS-3模糊度固定的性能提升。     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.     

Evaluation of rapid phase clock/bias products for PPP ambiguity resolution and its application to the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest,California earthquake

Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) is a useful tool for high-precision geodetic and geophysical applications, while phase bias products are the prerequisite to implement PPP-AR. Wuhan University has been providing the final (the best operationally post-processing solution based) phase clock/bias products with a latency of two weeks since March of 2019, while a dedicated open-source software package PRIDE PPP-AR is released to leverage these products for high-precision positioning. In order to satisfy some both time and precision critical applications, such as rapid earthquake response, Wuhan University also released rapid (with comparable quality but with much shorter delivery latency) phase clock/bias products with a latency of less than 24 h and updated PRIDE PPP-AR in July 2019. We first introduce the phase clock/bias generation and validation schemes and the maintenance of routine products provision. Then, with 14 days (July 2 to July 15 in 2019) of GPS data collected from 146 globally distributed IGS (International GNSS Service) stations, we evaluated the positioning performance of the rapid products with respect to their final counterparts. It is found that positioning precision of PPP-AR using rapid products is comparable to that using final products, especially in kinematic positioning mode. When rapid products are used, the RMS of PPP-AR in static mode with respect to IGS weekly solutions can reach 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm and 5.5 mm in the east, north and up components, respectively. Furthermore, the RMS of epoch-wise positions with respect to daily solutions for the east, north and up components are 0.51 cm, 0.57 cm and 1.51 cm for PPP-AR with rapid products in kinematic mode. It demonstrates that the rapid phase clock/bias products can sufficiently meet the precision requirement of most geodetic and geophysical applications yet with much shorter time delay. Finally, we study the July 6th M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake using the rapid phase clock/bias products and demonstrate their comparable performance against the final products.